water

1　In this way water is familiar to us. 

<Why Japan’s water is abundant>

・The reason why Japan is blessed with water is  that it has abundant infrastructure such as water   

   storage such as dams and water pipes, and it rains moderately all over the world.

・Japan’s water supply penetration rate is 97.9% as of 2015, the highest level in the world.  

・Except for remote islands, almost 100% of the general residential areas have water supply facilities.

・Japan can be evaluated as strong against water in terms of precipitation, topography, and 

   infrastructure technology.

But,there are serious water problems in the world.Therefore, I will explain the current situation of the world as a whole.

<Current status of water the whole world >

・There are only 15 country have well maintained tap water and can drink

・Half of the world population can use water supply . But actually 663 million people in the world can’t secure it.

Next,let’s look at each region.

〈Japan〉

 ・ Water stress occurs due to water shortage due to climate variability such as drought and heavy rain.

 → Crisis of food shortage, conflict over water

 ・ Drought frequently occurs.

 → Impact of tap water interruption and decompression water supply on daily life, shortening or suspension of factory operations due to lack of industrial water, damage such as poor growth and death of agricultural products

 ・ Too much water is used

 → The amount of water that can be used is limited

 ・ Water quality deteriorates due to water privatization

 → You need a lot of water to get the water clean

 ・ Water pollution occurs due to industrial wastewater discharged from factories and farms.

 → The safety of the water supply will decrease, and it will not be possible to secure high-quality water.

 ・ Despite importing a large amount of food, food is being destroyed.

 → Waste the world’s water

<Australia >

20% of the mainland is made up of desert

Due to the high temperature desert climate, there is a large-scale water shortage.

→・Long-term drought may continue.

　・Brings a forest fire that causes enormous damage.

　・When the water level of the dam drops below 50%, water supply will be forcibly restricted.

<Asia >

Most belong to arid or semi-arid climate Irrigated agriculture accounts for most of the water demand

Water shortage due to population growth, urbanization, etc.

→・It is becoming difficult to secure clean water even in big cities

・Water stress (the amount of water resources available per capita) is becoming more serious even in 

       developed countries in Asia.

　・ It is expected that water shortages in Asia will worsen due to the effects of climate variability and 

       the increase in urban population.

〈Africa〉

Only 3 countries can drink tap water

I spend 8 hours every day to fetch water

→・ Infants with weak resistance can die even from dehydration due to diarrhea.

   ・ As of 2015, the number of children under the age of 5 who die from diarrhea is estimated to be    

　　more than 800 every day, reaching 300,000 a year.

 ・ Various infections such as cholera and dysentery due to contaminated water May cause illness

As you can see, water problems differ from region to region of the world. To understand the inconvenience, we walked a kilometer with a bucket of 10 liters of water and looked at how long it would take and how much would spill.

 ・It became a pain in my shoulders, hands and lower back

 ・ Fallen leaves etc. have entered while carrying

　　　↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

The first thing I felt with this bucket was that it really weighs many times this and I can’t believe they are walking a distance.

Also, although we walked on paved roads, there are many obstacles and there are few paved roads locally.

We found it difficult even on paved roads, so I would like to tell you that the hardships of the locals are far beyond our imagination.

And even though they had difficulty, they often drink contaminated water, and some people die. However, even such water is indispensable for living.

2

  Next,we will introduce world companies and organizations that take part in support of water to serve such as people.  

〈WaterAid 〉

 WaterAid built in the U.K in 1981.It is a national NGO that has been active in water and sanitation for 39 years. 

A lot of other organizations are active. 

Here,we will introduce one. 

〈UNICEF〉

Based on SDGs No. 6’s “Safety Water and Toilets Around the World,” water supply facilities such as wells are being built, toilets are being installed, and hygiene practices such as washing hands properly using soap are being promoted.

From here, I will introduce Japan’s water laws.

〈Water resource development promotion method〉

　Contributing to the growth of the national economy and improvement of the national life 〈water pollution method〉Problems of water pollution of public water and groundwater water There are also some contracts for Japan and overseas.

<Asia Water Environment Partnership>

 This is a knowledge network project advocated by the Ministry of the Environment at the 3rd Water Forum held in Kyoto, Shiga, and Osaka in 2003, and established under the partnership of 13 Asian countries.

 This is a knowledge network project advocated by the Ministry of the Environment at the 3rd Water Forum held in Kyoto, Shiga, and Osaka in 2003, and established with the cooperation of 13 Asian countries.

For example, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea.

 <Paris Agreement>

 This is an international agreement that sets out to work together around the world to curb climate change.

3

I will explain about Yamaha Motor, a Japanese company that contributes to global water problems in our area.

Yamaha Motor Company contributes to water problems by developing a device called the Clean Water System.

What is the Clean Water System?

It’s a compact water purifier started developing in 1996.

Then, l will explain the structure of this device.

(1) Storing water from rivers and marshes.

　　　　　　　　↓

(2) lt Remove mud, garbage, etc. in (1).

　　　　　　　　↓

(3) lt photosynthesizes the plants that grow in (2) and increase the oxygen that dissolves in it.

* The higher the concentration of oxygen, the better the water quality is.

　　　　　　　　↓

(4) It removes the membrane, sand, and metal components and bacteria from the microorganisms　 in (3).

　　　　　　　　↓

(5) lt disinfect to kill bacteria in ② and delay the propagation of various types of bacteria.

*This sterilization and disinfection will not harm people.

　　　　　　　　↓

(6) lt save clean water after going through the process of (1)~(5).

[About installation]

Yamaha Motor Company is promoting the introduction of clean water systems through cooperation and cooperation with public and international organizations.

<world map>

A total of 36 of them are installed in 13 countries.

As a result…

 <Results Graph>

·The number of people who get sick has dropped significantly due to water.

·Women and children have been freed from the hard work of drawing water.

I asked Yamaha Motor about the clean water system.

Q.Do you have any goals regarding the clean water system?

→The goal is to improve the living environment by making effective use of safe water for the people of the world with water problems.Japan intends to continue to contribute to environmental and resource issues.

４

From here, we will discuss water use and water issues in Hamamatsu City, where our school is located.  First, I will explain the history of “water”.

Next, we will delve into the water problem in Hamamatsu City, “aging of water pipes.”

1 What is the aging of water pipes?

 The problem with aging water pipes is that as the years have passed since the construction of the water pipes, the aging progresses and the risk of water leakage increases.

Hamamatsu City replaced old water pipes with new water pipes from 1999 to 2010.  And we are doing it again from 2011 to the present.  However, there are 715km of water pipes that exceed the life of the water pipes.  The total cost of renewing water pipes is estimated to be approximately 188 billion yen.

2 Their main damage

Their main damage Rust and corrosion in water pipes can cause water leaks and water outages. Also leakage in water pipes also affects roads, so repair them immediately.

3 Current status of Hamamatsu City 

[1] If the current investment amount of the water supply business remains the same, the cost for renewal will be insufficient.

[2] As the number of experienced staff decreases, the number of experienced staff will decrease and the technical skills will decline.

4 Measures for [1]

First, it is necessary to seek a reduction in renewal costs by consolidating and abolishing facilities. 

 It is important to update it systematically.

Measures for  [2]

Participating in workshops and workshops as an initiative to maintain and improve the technical capabilities of staff.

Besides the aging water pipes, there are many problems with water and water pipes in Hamamatsu City, the Enshu region, and Japan.  Everything has an impact on our lives.  We think it is important to have a high level of awareness, interest, and a sense of crisis.